indruvarai baibil evvaaru nilaitthirukkiradhu?

indruvarai baibil nilaitthiruppadhu adhisayamdhaan. sumaar 1,900-kkum adhigamaana aandugalukku munnaal idhu eludhi mudikkappattadhu. aliyum thanmaiyulla naanarpul kaagithangalilum mirugangalin padhappadutthappatta thōlilum idhu eludhappattadhu. indru vegu silarē pēsugira moliyil andru eludhappattadhu. mēlum, pērarasargalmudhal madha thalaivargalvarai villaadhi villargalellaam varindhukattikkondu baibilai olitthukkatta muyarchi seidhaargal.

thani sirappumikka indha butthagam kaalatthai vendru evvaaru nilaitthirukkiradhu? paarengum makkal nangu arindha butthagamaaga aagiyiruppadhu eppadi? adharkaana irandu kaaranangalai mattum ippoludhu sindhikkalaam.

panmadangu pradhigal vēdhaagamatthai paadhugaatthana

aarambatthil baibil butthagangalin paadhugaavalargalaai vilangiya isravēlar miga jaakkiradhaiyaaga aaramba surulgalai paadhugaatthaargal; avatrai ennatra nagalgal edutthaargal. udhaaranamaaga, “lēviyaraagiya aasaariyaridatthilirukkira nyaayappramaana nūlaippaartthu, . . . oru pradhiyai” thangalukkena eludhi vaikkumaaru isravēlai aanda raajaakkalidam sollappattadhu.​—ubaagamam 17:20.

perumbaalaana isravēlar vēdhavaakkiyangalai kadavuludaiya vaartthaiyaaga ētrukkondu avatrai vaasippadhil pērinbam kandaargal. adhan kaaranamaaga, thirambatta nagaleduppavargalin udhaviyōdu adhiga gavanatthudan vēdhaagamam pradhiyedukkappattadhu. nagaledukkum paniseidha, bayabakthimikka esraa, ‘isravēlin dhēvanaagiya kartthar aruliya mōsēyin nyaayappramaanatthilē thērina vēdhabaaragar’ endru kurippidappadugiraar. (esraa 7:6) po.sa. aaraam nūtraandukkum patthaam nūtraandukkum idaiyil ebireya vēdhaagamatthai (“palaiya ērpaattai”) nagaleduttha masōrettugal, pilaigalai thavirppadharkaaga vēdhaagamatthilirundha elutthukkalai enni eludhinaargalaam. idhupōndru siratthaiyōdu, kannumkarutthumaaga nagaledutthadhu, vēdhaagamam miga sariyaaga irukka udhaviyadhu; adhōdu, baibilai alippadharku edhirigal mūrkkatthōdu, vidaamal muyarchi seidhapōdhilum adhu nilaitthirukkavum udhaviyadhu.

udhaaranamaaga, po.sa.mu. 168-il siriyaavai aanda naangaam aantiyōgas, paalasthīnam muluvadhilum kannilpatta ebireya vēdhaagama pradhigalaiyellaam alitthuppōduvadharku muyarchi seidhaan. “avargal kaiyil sikkiya nyaayappramaanatthin endha surulgalum sukkunūraaga kilikkappattu, thīyil posukkappattana” endru yūdha saritthira butthagam ondru kurippidugiradhu. dha jūyish ensaiklōppīdiyaa ivvaaru kūrugiradhu: “nyaayappramaanatthin surulgalai alikka vēndum endra kattalaiyai adhigaarigal thīviramaai niraivētrinaargal . . . parisuttha butthagatthai vaitthirundhavargalukku . . . marana dhandanai vidhikkappattadhu.” endraalum, paalasthīnatthilum matra naadugalilum vaalndha yūdhargalidam vēdhaagamatthin pradhigal paadhugaappaai irundhana.

kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamatthai (“pudhiya ērpaattai”) elutthaalargal eludhi muditthavudanēyē, kadavuludaiya valinadatthudhalaal avargal eludhiya kadidhangalum thīrkkadharisanangalum saritthira sambavangalum minnal vēgatthil adhigamadhigamaai nagaledukkappattana. udhaaranamaaga, yōvaan thannudaiya suvisēshatthai ebēsuvilō adharku arugilō eludhinaar. andha suvisēshatthinudaiya nagalin oru thunduppagudhi, pala nūru kilōmīttarukku appaal irukkum egipthil kandupidikkappattadhu; idhu, yōvaan than suvisēshatthai eludhi mudittha 50 varudangalukkullaaga nagaledukkappatta pradhiyin oru pagudhiyena vallunargal kūrugiraargal. grēkka vēdhaagamam eludhappattu sila aandugalilēyē, adhan pradhigal dhūra dhēsangalil vaalndha kristhavargalin vasam irundhadhu indha kandupidippilirundhu theriya vandhadhu.

baibil miga paravalaaga viniyōgikkappattadhumkūda kristhuvin kaalatthirku piragu pala nūtraandugalaaga adhu nilaitthiruppadharku udhaviyadhu. udhaaranamaaga, po.sa. 303-aam aandu pibravari 23-aam thēdhi poludhu pularndhadhum rōma pērarasar daiyōklishanudaiya pōr vīrargal oru charchin kadhavugalai norukkippōttu ullē pōi vēdhaagamatthin pradhigalai eritthapōdhu avar kankulira adhai kandukalitthaar ena kūrappadugiradhu. parisuttha vēdhaagamatthai erippadhanmūlam kristhavatthai pūndōdu alitthuvidalaam ena daiyōklishan manakkanakku pōttaar. enavē, rōma pērarasu muluvadhilum ulla baibilgal anaitthaiyum aduttha naal muchandhiyil erikka vēndumena kattalaiyittaar. endraalum, sila pradhigal  thappina; thirumbavum pradhigaledukkappattana. sollappōnaal, daiyōklishanin thunburutthalukku piragu konja kaalatthirkullaagavē pradhiyedukkappatta grēkka moli baibilin irandu nagalgalin perum pagudhigal innaalvarai irukkindrana. ondru rōmilum, matrondru ingilaandhilulla landanilirukkum brittish nūlagatthilum kaanappadugindrana.

baibilin mūlappradhigal indruvarai kandupidikkappadaavittaalum mulu baibilin alladhu adhan sila pagudhigalin kaiyelutthu pradhigal aayirakkanakkil indrum ullana. avatril pala miga palamaiyaanavai. mūla baibililirundha seidhi nagaledukkumpōdhu maarivittadhaa? “vērendha palamaiyaana butthagamum ivvalavu thulliyamaaga nagaledukkappadavillaiyena nichayamaaga sollalaam” endru ebireya vēdhaagamatthaippatri w. s. grīn endra arinyar kūrinaar. baibilin mūlappradhigalai paadhugaakkum mukkiya adhigaariyaana sar fredrik kenyan grēkka vēdhaagamatthai kuritthu ivvaaru eludhinaar: “mūlappradhigal eludhappatta samayatthirkum, ippōdhu nammidamulla miga palamaiyaana pradhigal eludhappatta samayatthirkum idaiyil sollikkollumalavirku idaiveli illai. vēdhaagamangal aarambatthil eludhappatta vidhamaagavē indrum nammidam irukkindranavaa ena nīnda kaalamaai manadhai kudaindha sandhēgangal anaitthum ippoludhu thīrkkappattuvittana. pudhiya ērpaattin nambagatthanmaiyum podhuvaana naanayamum irudhiyaaga nirūbikkappattuvittadhaaga sollappadalaam.” adhōdu, “baibil thirutthamaanadhu endru sandhēgatthirkidamindri sollalaam. . . . ulagilulla matrendha palamaiyaana butthagangalai patriyum ivvaaru solla mudiyaadhu” endrum sonnaar.

baibil molipeyarppu

ulagamengum ariyappatta butthagamaaga baibil aagiyiruppadharku, adhu ēraalamaana moligalil kidaippadhu irandaavadhu mukkiya kaaranamaagum. indha unmai, ellaa naattavarum palvēru moliyinarum thammai arindhukondu, “aaviyōdum unmaiyōdum” thammai vananga vēndum endra kadavuludaiya nōkkatthirku isaivaagavē irukkiradhu.​—yōvaan 4:23, 24; mīgaa 4:2.

ebireya vēdhaagamatthin mudhal molipeyarppu, grēkka septuvejint molipeyarppu aagum. idhu, paalasthīnatthirku veliyē vaalndha grēkka moli pēsiya yūdhargalukkaaga thayaarikkappattadhu; būmiyil yēsu ūliyam seivadharku sumaar irunūru aandugalukku munnaal eludhi mudikkappattadhu. kristhava grēkka vēdhaagamam utpada mulu baibilum eludhi mudikkappatta sila nūtraandugalukkullaagavē adhan molipeyarppugal anēga moligalil kidaikka aarambitthana. piragō, raajaakkalum, makkalin kaigalil baibil kidaippadharku ellaa muyarchigalaiyum seiya vēndiya paadhiriyaargalumkūda adhai kadumaiyaai edhirtthaargal. makkalarindha moligalil kadavuludaiya vaartthai molipeyarkkappaduvadharku muttukkattai pōduvadhanmūlam thangaludaiya charch uruppinargalai aanmīga irulilēyē vaitthirukka avargal muyarchi seidhaargal.

edhirppadhil charchum, arasaangamum kaikōrtthapōdhilum makkalin moliyil baibilai molipeyarkka nenjuramikkavargal thangal uyiraiyum panayam vaitthaargal. udhaaranamaaga, aaksfard palgalaikkalagatthil padittha villiyam tindēl endra aangilēyar, 1530-il aindhaagamangalin thoguppai, adhaavadhu, ebireya vēdhaagamatthin mudhal aindhu butthagangalai molipeyartthaar. ivar, pala edhirppugalin matthiyilum baibilai ebireyu moliyilirundhu aangilatthirku nēradiyaaga molipeyarttha mudhal nabaraanaar. mēlum, yegōvaa endra peyarai payanpadutthiya mudhal aangila molipeyarppaalarum ivarē. speyin naattai sērndha baibil arinyaraana kaasiyōdōrō de rēnaa mudhanmudhalaaga baibilai spaanish moliyil molipeyartthavargalil oruvar; ippaniyil īdupattirundhapōdhu katthōlikka madhatthai sērndhavargalaal maranatthai mutthamidumalavukku thunburutthalai sandhitthu vandhaar. thannudaiya molipeyarppu vēlaiyai mulumaiyaai mudippadharku avar, ingilaandhu, jermani, praansu, haalandhu, suvitsarlaandhu aagiya naadugalukku payanitthaar. *

indru baibil adhigamadhigamaana moligalil molipeyarkkappattu varugiradhu; latchakkanakkaana pradhigal achidappadugindrana. makkal nangu arindha butthagamaaga baibil nilaitthiruppadhu, kadavuludaiya valinadatthudhalaal pinvarumaaru eludhina appōsthalan pēdhuruvin vaartthaigalilulla unmaikku atthaatchi alikkiradhu. “pul ularndhadhu, adhin pūvum udhirndhadhu. kartharudaiya vasanamō endrendraikkum nilaitthirukkum” endru avar eludhinaar.​—1 pēdhuru 1:24, 25.

[adikkurippu]

 [pakkam 14-in petti/padangal]

endha molipeyarppai naan vaasikka vēndum?

anēga moligalil ēraalamaana baibil molipeyarppugal ullana. sila molipeyarppugal purindhukolla kadinamaana, pulakkatthil illaadha vaartthaigalai payanpadutthugindrana. innum sila molipeyarppugal, ulladhai ullapadi sollaamal, vasanangalin saaraamsatthai mattum kodukkum molipeyarppugalaaga irukkindrana; idhupōndra molipeyarppugal, thulliyamaai irukka vēndum enbadharkalla, vaasippadharku sulabamaai irukka vēndum enbadharkē mukkiyatthuvam kodukkindrana. vēru sila molipeyarppugal, kittatthatta vaartthaikku vaartthai molipeyartthirukkindrana.

yegōvaavin saatchigalaal veliyidappattulla parisuttha vēdhaagamatthin pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu baibilin aangila padhippu, peyar kurippida virumbaadha kuluvinaraal mūlamoligalilirundhu nēradiyaaga thayaarikkappattulladhu. piragu, indha molipeyarppai adippadaiyaaga vaitthu, sumaar 60 moligalil baibil molipeyarkkappattirukkiradhu. endraalum, andha moligalil molipeyartthavargal vēdhaagamatthin mūlamoliyōdu dhaaraalamaai oppittu paartthaargal. mudindhavarai mūlamoli vaasagatthai arttham maaraamal appadiyē molipeyarppadhudhaan pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppin nōkkamaagum. baibil kaalatthil vaalndha vaasagargal, mūlamoliyil eludhappatta vaasagangalai elidhaaga purindhukondaargal. adhēvidhamaaga, indrulla vaasagargal baibilai vaasitthadhum udanadiyaaga purindhukollum vidhatthil adhai uruvaakka molipeyarppaalargal muyarchi seigiraargal.

thulliyamatra thanmaikkum oruthalaibatchamaana molipeyarppukkum udhaaranangalai kodukka, pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu utpada navīna baibil molipeyarppugal silavatrai moliyiyal aaraaichiyaalargal silar aaivu seidhaargal. avargalil oruvardhaan jēsan dēvid bedūn endra arinyar; ivar, amerikkaavilulla vada arijōnaa palgalaikkalagatthin madha aaivu pirivin inai pēraasiriyaraavaar. ivar, “aangilam pēsuvōr matthiyil miga paravalaaga payanpadutthappadum baibilgalil” onbadhu baibilgalai aaivu seidhu, 2003-il 200 pakka arikkai ondrai veliyittaar. * sarchaikkutpatta pala vēdhavasanangalai avar aaivukku edutthukkondaar; ēnendraal, adhupōndra vasanangalai “molipeyarkkaiyil oruthalaibatchamaaga molipeyarppadharkaana vaaippu adhigam” irukkiradhu. ivar, andha ovvoru vasanangalukkaana aangila molipeyarppaiyum grēkka vasanatthōdu oppittaar. appōdhu, artthatthai maatri thangalukku saadhagamaaga molipeyartthirukkiraargalaavena aaraaindhaar. avarudaiya vimarsanam enna?

pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu (NW) baibilil vērupaadugal iruppadharku, adhan molipeyarppaalargal thangal madhatthirku saadhagamaaga molipeyartthiruppadhē kaaranamena podhumakkalum baibil arinyargal palarum ninaippadhaaga bedūn kurippidugiraar. eninum, avar ivvaaru solgiraar: “pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu, nērpporulai tharum vidhatthil, gavanamaaga molipeyarkkappattirukkiradhu. ippadi miga thulliyamaaga iruppadhudhaan adhiga vērupaadugalukku kaaranam.” pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu payanpadutthiyirukkum sila vaartthaigalai avar ētrukkollaavittaalum, “aaivukku edutthukkollappatta molipeyarppugalil idhuvē miga thulliyamaanadhu” engiraar. idhai, “miga sirandha” molipeyarppu endrum alaikkiraar.

isrēlai sērndha daaktar benjamin kadaar endra ebireya arinyarum pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppukku pinvarumaaru pugalaaram sūttinaar. 1989-il avar ivvaaru sonnaar: “vēdhaagamatthai mudindhalavu nandraaga purindhukolvadharku nērmaiyaaga muyarchi edukkappattiruppadhu indha molipeyarppai vaasikkaiyil therigiradhu. . . . vēdhavasanatthin artthatthai thangalukku saadhagamaaga maatri uraikka vēndumendra ennam illaadhirundhadhum pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppai vaasikkaiyil thelivaagiradhu.”

‘enna nōkkatthirkaaga naan baibilai vaasikkirēn? thulliyamaaga illaavittaalum paravaayillai, vaasippadharku sulabamaai irukka vēndumena ninaikkirēnaa? alladhu mūlavaakkiyatthil ulladhai pōndru mudindhalavu thulliyamaaga ulla molipeyarppai vaasikka ninaikkirēnaa?’ endra kēlvigalai ungalaiyē kēttukkollungal. (2 pēdhuru 1:20, 21) ungaludaiya badhilin adippadaiyil nīngal endha molipeyarppai vaasikka vēndumena thīrmaaniyungal.

[adikkurippu]

[padam]

“parisuttha vēdhaagamatthin pudhiya ulaga molipeyarppu” ippoludhu anēga moligalil kidaikkiradhu

[pakkam 12, 13-in padam]

masōretik mūlappradhigal

[pakkam 13-in padam]

“. . . bayappadaadhirungal, anēgam adaikkalaan kuruvigalaippaarkkilum nīngal visēshitthavargalaayirukkirīrgal” endra lūkkaa 12:7-ilulla vaakkiyam kaanappadum oru thunduppagudhi

[pakkam 13-in padangalukkaana nandri]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin