Chii Chinonzi Torah?

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Mhinduro yeBhaibheri

Shoko reChirungu rekuti “Torah” rinobva pashoko rechiHebheru toh·rahʹ, iro rinogona kushandurwa kuti “murayiridzo,” “dzidziso,” kana kuti “mutemo.” a (Zvirevo 1:8; 3:1; 28:4) Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidza kuti shoko racho rechiHebheru rinoshandiswa sei muBhaibheri.

Shoko rekuti Toh·rahʹ rinowanzoreva mabhuku mashanu ekutanga eBhaibheri—Genesisi, Eksodho, Revhitiko, Numeri, naDheuteronomio. Mabhuku acho anonziwo Pentateuch, kubva pashoko rechiGiriki rinoreva “mabhuku mashanu.” Mosesi ndiye akanyora Torah, saka inonzi “bhuku roMutemo waMosesi.” (Joshua 8:31; Nehemiya 8:1) Zviri pachena kuti pakutanga rakanga rakanyorwa riri bhuku rimwe chete asi rakazokamurwa pava paya kuti zvive nyore kurishandisa.
Shoko rekuti Toh·rahʹ rinoshandiswawo richireva mitemo yakapiwa vaIsraeri pamusoro pechimwe chinhu, yakadai ‘semutemo [toh·rahʹ] wechinopiwa chechivi,’ “mutemo pamusoro pemaperembudzi” uyewo “mutemo pamusoro pomuNaziri.”—Revhitiko 6:25; 14:57; Numeri 6:13.
Dzimwe nguva shoko rekuti Toh·rahʹ rinoreva dzidziso nemirayiridzo, ingava yevabereki, yevanhu vakachenjera kana kuti yaMwari pachake.—Zvirevo 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Isaya 2:3.

Chii chiri muTorah, kana kuti muPentateuch?

Nhoroondo yemabatiro aiita Mwari nevanhu kubva pakatanga kusikwa zvinhu kusvikira pakazofa Mosesi.—Genesisi 1:27, 28; Dheuteronomio 34:5.
Zvairayirwa neMutemo waMosesi. (Eksodho 24:3) Mutemo wacho unoumbwa nemirayiro inodarika 600. Pamirayiro yacho, unonyanya kuzivikanwa unonzi Shema kana kuti munyengetero wekuratidza kutenda kwevaJudha. Chimwe chikamu cheShema chinoti: “Ida Jehovha Mwari wako nomwoyo wako wose nomweya wako wose nesimba rako rose.” (Dheuteronomio 6:4-9) Jesu akatsanangura kuti mashoko iwayo “ndiwo murayiro mukuru pane yose uye wokutanga.”—Mateu 22:36-38.
Zita dzvene rekuti Jehovha rinowanika ka1 800. Torah hairambidzi kuti zita raMwari rishandiswe, asi kutoti ine mitemo inotaura kuti vanhu vaMwari vaifanira kurishandisa.—Numeri 6:22-27; Dheuteronomio 6:13; 10:8; 21:5.

Pfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi dzinofungwa nevanhu pamusoro peTorah

Zvavanofunga: Mitemo iri muTorah inogara nokusingaperi hapana painonzi haichashandi.

Chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi: Dzimwe shanduro dzemaBhaibheri dzinotaura nezvemitemo iri muTorah—kusanganisira iya ine chekuita neSabata, basa reupristi uye Zuva Rokuyananisira dzichiti ‘zvicharamba zviripo’ kana kuti zvichagara “nokusingaperi.” (Eksodho 31:16; 40:15; Revhitiko 16:33, 34, Bhaibheri Dzvene) Kunyange zvakadaro, shoko rechiHebheru rakashandiswa pamavhesi aya rinogona kurevawo kusvika kunguva iri mberi isingazivikanwi, kwete kungoti nokusingaperi chete. b Sungano yeMutemo waMosesi payakanga yava nemakore anenge 900 ichishanda, Mwari akataura kuti aizoitsiva ‘nesungano itsva.’ (Jeremiya 31:31-33) ‘Nekutaura kuti “sungano itsva,” Mwari akaita kuti sungano yekare isashanda.’ (VaHebheru 8:7-13) Yakatsiviwa pachishandiswa rufu rwaJesu Kristu makore anenge 2 000 adarika.—VaEfeso 2:15.

Zvavanofunga: Tsika dzechiJudha dzaiita zvekungotaurwa pamwe chete nebhuku rechitendero chavo rinonzi Talmud zvine ukoshi hwakafanana nezviri muTorah.

Chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi: Hapana uchapupu huri muMagwaro hunoratidza kuti Mwari akapa Mosesi mutemo wakaita zvekutaurwa pamwe chete newakaita zvekunyorwa muTorah. Pane kudaro, Bhaibheri rinoti: “Jehovha akati kuna Mosesi: ‘Nyora mashoko aya.’” (Eksodho 34:27) Mitemo yaiita zvekungotaurwa, iyo yakazonyorwa ikatanga kunzi Mishnah uye yakazowedzerwa kuva chikamu cheTalmud, inosanganisira tsika dzevaJudha dzakatangwa nevaFarisi. Kazhinji tsika idzi dzaipesana nezviri muTorah. Nekuda kwaizvozvo, Jesu akaudza vaFarisi kuti: “Makaita kuti shoko raMwari rishaye simba nokuda kwetsika [dzenyu].”—Mateu 15:1-9.

Zvavanofunga: Vakadzi havafaniri kudzidziswa zviri muTorah.

Chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi: MuMutemo waMosesi maivawo nemurayiro wekuti Mutemo wese waifanira kuverengerwa vaIsraeri vese kusanganisira vakadzi nevana. Nei? “Kuti vateerere uye kuti vadzidze, nokuti vanofanira kutya Jehovha Mwari [wavo], vochenjerera kuita mashoko ose oMutemo [wacho].”—Dheuteronomio 31:10-12. c

Zvavanofunga: MuTorah mune mashoko akavanzika.

Chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi: Mosesi, uyo akanyora Torah, akataura kuti mashoko aro akajeka uye anokwanisa kuverengwa nemunhu wese, haana kuti zvirimo zvinhu zvakavanzika. (Dheuteronomio 30:11-14) Kapfungwa kekuti muTorah mune zvinhu zvakavanzika kakabva paKabbalah, kana kuti tsika yechiJudha yekutenda mashura iyo inonzi inoshandisa nzira “dzakarukwa dzisinganzwisisiki” pakutsanangura Magwaro. d—2 Petro 1:16.

a Ona bhuku rinonzi Revised Edition of The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, shoko rechi8451 pasi pechikamu chakanzi “Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary-Index to the Old Testament.”

b Ona bhuku rinonzi Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Volume 2, mapeji 672-673.

c Kusiyana nezvinodzidziswa neTorah pacharo, bumbiro remitemo yetsika dzechiJudha raiwanzorambidza vakadzi kudzidza Torah. Semuenzaniso, Mishnah rine mashoko akataurwa nemumwe mudzidzisi wechitendero anonzi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus ekuti: “Munhu wese anodzidzisa mwanasikana wake zviri muTorah ari kumudzidzisa zvinhu zvinonyadzisa.” (Sotah 3:4) Mubhuku rinonzi The Jerusalem Talmud akataura kuti: “Zviri nani kuti mashoko ari muTorah apiswe zvawo pane kuti adzidziswe vakadzi.”—Sotah 3:19a.

d Semuenzaniso, Encyclopaedia Judaica inotsanangura nezvemaonerwo anoitwa Torah nevanhu vanotenda muchiKabbalah ichiti: “Torah hapana parinotaura zvinhu nenzira yakananga, asi chiripo ndechekuti rinogona kunge richireva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana izvo zvinonzwisiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.”—Second edition, Volume 11, peji 659.